In my last blog post, I introduced the idea of calm technology. But what actually makes a technology feel calm? In their 1996 paper, Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown suggest that technology becomes calming when it:
- Places information in the periphery, letting us stay aware without being overloaded.
- Allows smooth movement from the periphery to the center of attention, giving us control when action or response is needed.
This balance increases awareness while keeping users in control, rather than dominating their attention. Designing for the periphery is therefore a key part of creating calm technology that genuinely supports people.
Weiser and Brown define calm technology through three characteristics:
- Smooth transitions between the center of attention and the periphery
- Expansion or Enhancement of peripheral perception and awareness
- “Locatedness”, which creates calm by fostering a connection to the environment enabling to act confidently within it
Technology feels calm when it works with, rather than against, the way human attention naturally functions. It empowers our periphery by quietly supporting awareness, giving more context and control without demanding attention. This creates a feeling of comfort, familiarity, and “being at home” in our environment. Technology achieves this calmness when it blends seamlessly into its surroundings and aligns with our expectations, allowing attention to flow uninterrupted. Just as grammar mistakes pull us out of a text or a rearranged kitchen disrupts the act of cooking, intrusive or poorly aligned technology breaks our focus. When technology preserves our flow of attention, it naturally feels calm.
How is Calm Technology connected to Ubiquitous Computing?
Both concepts are firstly introduced by Mark Weiser (and John Seely Brown). The early research on Ubiquitous computing inevitably led to the concept of calm technology. So both concepts are closely intertwined. Let me explain why:
Ubiquitous computing enables and requires calm technology at the same time. Once computers are everywhere, it will be crucial to consciously design interactions to ensure they do not overwhelm users. Calm technology is the design philosophy that ensures ubiquitous computing remains unobtrusive and supportive. At the same time, the fact that interactions with digital information can now take place anywhere creates an opportunity to design them in a more supportive way.
This means that ubiquitous computing is the technological vision, and calm technology is the human-centered design principle that guides how that vision should interact with people. They are intertwined because one sets the stage, and the other ensures it’s usable and fits with human needs.
How do Ubiquitous Computing and Calm Technology relate to Today’s field of User Experience Design?
Human Computer Interaction has evolved alongside the evolution of computing, which can be summarized in three stages. In the mainframe stage, computers were rare, expensive, and shared by multiple users. Interaction during this stage was driven primarily by technological possibilities rather than human capabilities. As computers became more accessible, the personal computing stage emerged, establishing one-to-one relationships between individuals and their machines. This shift brought technology closer to people and made user experience a central concern, moving the focus of interaction from the technology itself to the user.
In the following ubiquitous computing stage, people interact with numerous embedded computers throughout their daily lives, making calm technology not just desirable but necessary. The Internet has accelerated this evolution, raising questions about how pervasive technology may impact our environment and everyday experiences. In the state we are currently in, technology constantly competes for our attention. New technology is developed in a high speed and to keep up the pace user-tests are often skipped, resulting in bad user experience and usability (Monse-Maell, 2018). In response, many contemporary design trends have emerged, all based on the same underlying concept: Calm Technology. Within the design field, this idea is commonly framed in terms of attention and presence (Calm UX, Quiet UX, Mindful UX), simplicity and reduction (Minimalist UX, Effortless UX, Invisible Design), spatial and peripheral interaction (Ambient UX, Peripheral Interaction), and human well-being and pace (Well-being UX, Slow Technology).
Sure you already heard of some of those terms and are familiar with the ideas behind it. They all come down to the same main idea. They take the philosophy of Calm Technology and translate them into concrete design practices. Calm Technology gives designers a philosophical and ethical grounding. The specification into one of those terms usually provides concrete methodologies, patterns, use cases and heuristics. That’s why it makes sense to engage with these fundamental ideas, as they form the basis for current design trends and shape much of today’s interaction design thinking.
Now that we’ve covered these fundamentals, I want to take a closer look at human–computer interaction and what types of interactions we can use to achieve calmer, more effortless technologies. In the next blog entry, I’ll explore how we intuitively understand how to use objects, how information is perceived in our periphery, and what this means for designing interfaces.
References:
- Weiser, M., Seely Brown, J. (1996): “The Coming Age of Calm Technology“, Xerox PARC
- Weiser, M. (1991): “The Computer for the 21st Century”, Scientific American.
- Norman, D.A. (1988): “The Psychology of Everyday Things”
- https://hackaday.com/2021/11/03/keep-calm-and-hack-on-the-philosophy-of-calm-technology/
- https://medium.com/design-bootcamp/what-is-calm-technology-45fe0266251c
- https://blog.prototypr.io/%EF%B8%8F-the-ux-of-quiet-why-silence-is-the-next-big-thing-in-digital-design-e0f22efb0b1d
- https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2025/05/designing-calm-ux-principles-for-reducing-users-anxiety.php
- https://www.touch4it.com/blog/minimalism-ux-design-when-less-more
AI Assistance Disclaimer:
AI tools were used to improve grammar and phrasing. The ideas, examples, and content remain entirely the author’s own.
